University of Missouri Extension specialists are urging farmers, gardeners, hunters, anglers and other outdoor enthusiasts to take precautions against ticks by treating clothing with permethrin, a repellent that both repels and kills ticks.
The reminder comes as tick activity increases across the Midwest. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show emergency department visits for tick bites are at their highest levels in nearly a decade, with spring marking the start of peak exposure. More information is available at cdc.gov/ticks.
The Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services reports that tickborne illnesses such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis and tularemia have all been identified in the state, and overall case numbers have been trending upward in recent years. More information is available at health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/tickscarrydisease.
Tickborne illness typically peaks in late May, said University of Missouri Extension nutrition and health specialist Eden Stewart, whose team has helped raise awareness about alpha-gal syndrome, a tick-related allergy to red meat.
“Missouri is considered a hotspot for the lone star tick, which can trigger alpha-gal syndrome,” Stewart said. “Some research suggests that a significant portion of Missourians may carry antibodies linked to this condition.”
Prevention is key. In addition to alpha-gal syndrome, ticks in Missouri can transmit diseases such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
“May is prime time for ticks, but you can reduce your risk by wearing EPA-registered repellents and permethrin-treated clothing,” said Emily Althoff, MU and Lincoln University urban entomologist.
Permethrin can be applied to boots, clothing and camping gear before heading outdoors. Generally, permethrin remains effective for six weeks or through six washings. Pretreated clothing and gear also are available.
The Environmental Protection Agency has information on choosing insect repellents at epa.gov/insect-repellents. Information about permethrin is available from the National Pesticide Information Center at npic.orst.edu/factsheets/PermGen.html.
“Always read and follow product instructions,” Althoff said. “The CDC recommends avoiding products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus, or OLE, or PMD on children under age 3. Another helpful tip: apply sunscreen first, then insect repellent.”
After spending time outdoors, check yourself, children and pets for ticks and remove any promptly. Seek medical care if you develop a rash or fever.
If you find a tick, use tweezers to pull it straight out without twisting. Do not use heat, alcohol or lighter fluid.
Mosquito season in swing
May also marks the start of mosquito season in Missouri. Mosquitoes are more than a nuisance; they can carry diseases such as West Nile virus, which has spiked in the state in recent years.
Althoff recommends eliminating standing water where mosquitoes lay eggs, such as in buckets, old tires, birdbaths and wading pools; using approved insect repellents and insecticides as needed; wearing long sleeves and pants when possible; replacing outdoor lighting with “bug” lights that attract fewer insects; considering repellents with heating elements such as lanterns, torches or coils; and checking window and door screens for holes and repairing them.
Simple preventive steps can help Missourians enjoy the outdoors while reducing their risk from ticks and mosquitoes, Stewart says.
